Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024)

This issue of the International Journal of Economics and Society presents a diverse collection of research articles exploring pressing questions in economics, philosophy, education, and social sciences across multiple regions of the world.
The edition opens with an analysis of political aspects of Azerbaijan’s state strategy for educational development, emphasizing human capital modernization and alignment with European standards. A study on tax control in Ukraine examines current methods of implementation and proposes improvements in line with European integration. Continuing the economic perspective, a paper on non-oil exports and economic growth in Nigeria provides an econometric evaluation of trade dynamics and industrial development.

Regional economic development is further explored in a contribution addressing the disparities and strategic models of Ukraine’s regions, while another article investigates the impact of credit spread fluctuations on portfolio value, applying Monte Carlo simulations to assess risk and capital requirements.
Philosophical inquiry is represented through two contributions: one offering a comprehensive review of the philosophy of science with special consideration of behaviorism, and another tracing the concept of causality from Hume to modern science, linking classical theories to contemporary debates.

From a social science perspective, the issue features a study on how social workers demonstrate respect for elderly clients, identifying and categorizing forms of respect that can enrich professional practice and cultural understanding.
Together, these works highlight the journal’s mission to integrate economic analysis with philosophical reflection and social inquiry, providing readers with both theoretical insights and practical implications for policy, governance, and professional practice in an interconnected world.