How social workers demonstrate respect for elderly clients

Authors

  • Kyu-Taik Sung University of Michigan Author
  • Ruth E. Dunkle School of Social Work University of Michigan Author

Keywords:

Elder respect, social workers and clients, forms of respect, expressions of respect, culture and respect

Abstract

Although respect is a crucial aspect of social work practice, few studies have examined how social workers convey their respect for elderly clients. This study explored the various forms of respect demonstrated by social workers when they were with older clients. Fifty social workers serving elderly clients were surveyed by a questionnaire with closed- and open-ended questions. Based on data on the way the social workers respected their elderly clients, the study identified seven forms most frequently practiced and considered most important. They are linguistic respect, care respect, acquiescent respect, salutatory respect, presentational respect, spatial respect, and consultative respect. The key expressions of these forms are introduced in quantitative data and a narrative form. This finding provides insights as to how social workers exhibit respect for elderly clients in their practice. The results of this exploration may be useful in developing a more comprehensive typology of the forms signifying respect for elderly clients

Author Biographies

  • Kyu-Taik Sung, University of Michigan

    Ph.D, Visiting Professor, School of Social Work

  • Ruth E. Dunkle, School of Social Work University of Michigan

    Wilbur Cohen Collegiate, Ph.D, Professor

References

[1]. Applegate M, Morse JM. Personal privacy and interactional patterns in a nursing home. Journal of Aging Studies. 1994;8:413–434.

[2]. Berg IK, Jaya A. Different and same: Family therapy with Asian American families. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy. 1993;19:31–38.

[3]. Campton B, Gallaway B. Social work process. 3rd Ed. Dorsey Press; Chicago, IL: 1984.

[4]. Carkhuff RR, Pierce RH. Teacher as person. National Education Association; Washington: 1976.

[5]. Cassel CK. Ethical issues in the medicine of later life. In: Evans JG, Williams TF, editors. Oxford Textbook of Geriatric Medicine. Oxford University Press; New York: 1990. pp. 717–719.

[6]. NASW Code of ethics of the National Association of Social Workers Value: Dignity and worth of the person, Ethical Principles. 1996

[7]. Damron-Rodriguez JA. Respecting Ethnic Elders. Journal of Gerontological Social Work.1989;29:53–72.

[8]. Damron-Rodriguez JA. Respecting ethnic elders: A perspective for care providers. In: Disch R, Doborof R, Moody HR, editors. Dignity and Old Age. Haworth; New York: 1998.

[9]. Dawnie RS, Telfer E. Respect for persons. London: Allen and Unwin. 1969

[10]. Dillon RS. Respect and care: Toward moral integration. Canadian Journal of Philosophy.1992;22:105–132.

[11]. Dunkle R, Roberts B, Haug M. The oldest old in everyday life: Self perception, coping with change, and stress. Springer; New York: 2001.

[12]. Gambrill E. Casework: A competency-based approach. Prentice-Hall; Englewood Cliffs, NJ: 1983.

[13]. Ghusn HM, Hyde D, Stevens ES, Teasdale TA. Enhancing life satisfaction in later life: What makes a difference for nursing home residents? Journal of Gerontological Social Work. 1996;26:27–47.

[14]. Gibbard A. Wise choices, apt feelings. Harvard University Press; Cambridge, MA: 1990.

[15]. Gomez E, Zurcher LA, Farris BE, Becker RE. A study of psychosocial casework with Chicanos.Social Work. 1985;30:477–483.

[16]. Hewit JP. Self and society: A symbolic interactionist social psychology. 4th Ed. Allen and Bacon; Boston: 1988.

[17]. Hoffman L, Long L. A systems dilemma. Family Process. 1969;9:211–234.

[18]. Hugman R, Smith D. Ethical issues in social work: an overview. In: Hugman R, Smith D, editors.Ethical Issues in Social Work. Routledge; London & New York: 1995.

[19]. Ingersoll-Daton B, Santienchai C. Respect for the elderly in Asia: Stability and change. International Journal of Aging and Human Development. 1999;48:113–130. [PubMed]

[20]. McInnis-Dittrich K. Social work with elders. Allyn and Bacon; Boston, MA: 2002.

[21]. Kelly B. Respect and caring: Ethics and essence of nursing.. In: Leininger M, editor. Ethical and moral dimension of care; Detroit: Wayne State University.; 1990. Chapter 6.

[22]. Leininger M. Ethical and moral dimension of care. Wayne State University; Detroit: 1990.

[23]. Marshall EK, Kurtz PD. Interpersonal helping skills. Josssey-Bass Publishers; San Francisco: 1982.

[24]. Mayeroff M. On caring. Harper & Row; New York: 1971.

[25]. Mehta K. Respect redefined: Focus group insights from Singapore. International Journal of Aging & Human Development. 1997;44:205–219. [PubMed]

[26]. Mendelsohn AR. The work of social work. New Viewpoints; New York: 1980.

[27]. Murdoch GP, White DR. Standard cross-cultural sample. Ethnology. 1969;8:329–369.

[28]. NASW The NASW Code of Ethics. 1996

[29]. Noelker LS, Harel Z. Linking quality of long-term care and quality of life. Springer; NewYork: 2000. Chapter 1.

[30]. Older Americans Month A Proclamation by the President of the United States. 1982

[31]. Paniagua FA. Assessing and treating culturally diverse clients. 2nd Ed. SAGE; Thousand Oaks, CA: 1998.

[32]. Pray JE. Respecting the uniqueness of the individual: Social work practice within a reflective model.Social Work. 1991;36:80–85.

[33]. Reichel W. Reichel W, Gallo JJ, Busby-Whitehead J, Delfs JR, Murphy JB, editors. Essential principles in the care of the elderly. Care of the elderly: Clinical aspects of aging. (4th Ed.) 1995

[34]. Rogers C. On becoming a person: A therapeutic view of psychotherapy. Houghton Mifflin Co; Boston: 1961.

[35]. Silverman P, Maxwell R. How do I respect thee? Let me count the ways: Deference towards elderly men and women. Behavior Science Research. 1978;13:91–108.

[36]. Sung KT. Elder respect: Exploration of ideals and forms in East Asia. Journal of Aging Studies.2001;15:13–27.

[37]. Sung KT. Elder respect among American college students: Exploration of behavioral forms.International Journal of Aging & Human Development. 2002;55:367–383. [PubMed]

[38]. Sung KT, Kim BJ. Respect for the elderly: Implications for human service providers. University Press of America; Lanham, MD: 2008.

Downloads

Published

2024-05-20

Issue

Section

Articles